Desde los tiempos de Edward Angle, numerosas publicaciones han reportado la influencia que tienen los hábitos miófuncionales, la posición y función de la lengua, alteración en la respiración y en la deglución; sobre el crecimiento, desarrollo facial y sobre la oclusión.
Estudios más recientes han demostrado la efectividad del Sistema TRAINER™ en el tratamiento de varias maloclusiones.
Referencias
• Angle, E.H. Dr. - The Treatment of Malocclusion of the Teeth. Ed 7. Chapter 2. Saunders Philadelphia: 1907.
• Graber T. - The Three M's.Muscles, Malformation and Malocclusion. Am J Ortho Dentofac Orthop. 1963 June 418-450.
• Wienstein S. - Minimal Forces in Tooth Movement. American Journal of Orthodontics 1967;53:881-903
• Sakuda M. Ishizwa M. – Study of the Lip Bumper. J. Dent. Res. 1970;49:667
• Profit W.R. – Lingual Pressure Patterns In The Transition From Tongue Thrust To Adult Swallowing. Arch Oral Biol. 1972;17:55-63
• Harvold, E. D.D.S., Ph.D., L.L.D., Tomer, B. D.D.S., Karin Vargervik, D.D.S., and George Chierici, D.D.S.- Primate experiments on oral respiration. Am J Orthod. 1981 Apr;79(4):359-72.
• Bresolin, D.D.S., M.S.D., Shapiro, P. D.D.S., M.S.D., Shapiro, G. M.D., Chapko, M K. Ph.D., and Dassel, S. M.D. Brasilia, D.F., Brazil, and Seattle, Wash.ì - Mouth breathing in allergic children: Its relationship to dentofacial development. Am J Orthod. 1983 Apr;83(4):334-40.
• Little RM, Riedel RA, Artun J. - An evaluation of changes in mandibular anterior alignment from 10 to 20 years postretention. Am J Orthod and Dentofacial Orthop 1988; 93:423-8.
• S. Linder- Aronson, D.G. Woodside, A. Lundstrom, and J.Mc. William
- Mandibular and maxillary growth after changed mode of breathing. Am Journal Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1991;100:1-18.
• Nevant C.T., Buschang P.H., Alexander R.G. and Steffen J.M. - Lip Bumper Therapy for Gaining Arch Length. (Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1991;100:330-6)
• Ram S. Nanda, DDS, MS, Phd, and Surender K. Nanda, DDS, MS. – Considerations of dentofacial growth in long-term retention and stability: Is active retention needed?. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics April 1992.
• Linder-Aronson, DDS, PhD, D. G. Woodside, DDSc, MSc(D), PhD(hc), E. Hellsing, DDS, PhD, and W. Emerson, DDS Huddinge, Sweden, Toronto, Canada, and Loma Linda, Calif. - Normalization of incisor position after adenoidectomy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993 May;103(5):412-27.
• Gross, PhD, Kellum, PhD, Michas, BS, Franz, BA, Foster, MS, Walker, BA, and Bishop, DDS, MS. - Open-mouth posture and maxillary arch width in young children: A three-year evaluation.University, Miss. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1994;106:635-40.
• Simoes WA. - Insights into maxillary and mandibular growth for a better practice. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent. 1996; 21(1):1-8.
• Roberts WE, Hohlt WF, Arbuckle GR - The supporting structures and dental adaptation. In: Science and practice of occlusion. McNeill C (Ed). Quintessence, Chicago 1997, pp: 79-92..
• Otopalik, Brown H, DDS., Am J Ortho Dentofac Orthop. Vol 113 No.6, June 1998.
• Katherine W. L. Vig, BDS, MS, FDS, DOrth - Nasal Obstruction and Facial Growth: The Strength of Evidence for Clinical Assumptions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998;113:603-11
• Albert H. Owen III, DDS, MSD - Unexpected Temporomandibular Joint Findings During Fixed Appliance Therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998;113:625-31
• Thuer U, Sieber R, Ingervall B. - Cheek and tongue pressures in the molar areas and the atmospheric pressure in the palatal vault in young adults. Eur J Orthod 1999;21:299-309.
• Cavley AS, Tindall AP, Sampson WJ, Butcher AR. - Electropalatographic and cephalometric assesment of tongue function in open bite and non-open bite subjects. Eur J Orthod 2000;
• Hiyama S, Ono PT, Ishiwata Y, Kuroda T, McNamara JA. - Neuromuscular and skeletal adaptations following mandibular forward positioning induced by Herbst appliance. Angle Orthod 2000; 70:442-53.
• Graber, T, Vanarsdall, Robert L Jnr, - Orthodontics Current Principles and Techniques, Third Edition, St. Louis, Missouri, Mosby Inc. 2000.
• Jäghagen EL, Berggren D, Isbert A. - Swallowing dysfunction related to snoring: a videoradiographic study. Acta Otolaryngol. 2000 Mar;120(3):438-43. PMID: 10894423.
• Sander FG. - Functional processes when wearing the SII appliance during the day. J Orofac Orthop 2001 62:264-74.
• Song HG, Pae EK. - Changes in orofacial muscle activity in response to changes in respiratory resistance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001; 119:436-42.
• Hotokezaka H, Matsuo T, Nakagawa M, Mizuno A, Kobayashi K. - Severe dental open bite malocclusion with tongue reduction after orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod 2001; 71:228-36.
• Sawczuk A, Mosier KM. - Neural control of tongue movements with respect to respiration and swallowing. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2001; 12:18-37.
• Takahashi S, Ono T, Ishiwata Y, Kuroda T. - Breathing modes, body positions, and suprahyoid muscle activity. J Orthod 2002; 29:307-13.
• Wheeler T, McGorray S, Dolce C, Taylor M, King G. - Effectiveness of Early treratment of Class II malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2002; 121:9-17.
• Shapiro, P A, DDS, MSD Seattle, Wash. Am J Ortho Dentofac Orthop. Vol 121 No 6, June 2002.
• Quadrelli C, Gheorgiu M, Marchetti C, Ghiglione V. - Early myofunctional approach to skeletal Class II. Mondo Orthod 2002 2:109-122.
• Kawamura M, Nojima K, Nishi Y, Yamaguchi H. - A cineradiographic study of deglutive tongue movement in patients with anterior open bite. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll 2003; 44:133-9.
• Kucukkeles N, Ceylanoglu C. - Changes in the lip, cheek, and tongue pressures after rapid maxillary expansion using a diaphragm pressure transducer. Angle Othod 2003
• Weiland, F. - Constant versus dissipating forces in orthodontics: the effect of initial tooth movements and root resorption. European Journal of Orthodontics 2003;25:335-42.
• Turpin D L, Am J Ortho Dentofac Orthop May 2003; 123:487.
• Usumez S, Uysal T, Sari Z, Basciftci FA, Karaman AI, Guray E. - The effects of early preorthodontic Trainer treatment on Class II, division 1 patients. Angle Orthod 2004 74:605-9.
• Valencia R, Saadia M, Grinberg G - Controlled slicing in the management of congenitally missing second premolars. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;125:537-43
• Smale I, Artun J, Behbehani F, Doppel D, Van’t Hof M, Kuijpers-Jagtman A – Apical root resorption 6 month after initiation of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. Am j Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005;128:57-67.
• Ramirez-Yañez, GO, Junior E, Sidlauskas A, Flutter J, Farell C. - Dimensional changes in the dental arches after using a pre-fabricated functional appliance. J Clin Orthod (in submission) 2005a.
• Ramirez-Yañez GO, Farrell C. - Soft Tissue Dysfunction: A missing clue when treating malocclusions. Int J Jaw Func Orthop (in press) 2005b.
• Villa MP, Malagola C, Pagani J, Montesano M, Rizzoli A, Guilleminault C, Ronchetti R. Rapid maxillary expansion in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: 12-month follow-up. Sleep Med. 2007 Mar;8(2):128-34. Epub 2007 Jan 18. PMID: 17239661